Recursive Leverage and the Fragility of On-Chain Yield
The Kelp DAO exploit was not simply a bridge failure. A forged cross-chain message created phantom rsETH, but the larger shock came from where those tokens went next: into Aave as collateral, where they were used to borrow real ETH. What began as a single-asset integrity failure quickly became a lending-market liquidity event. This article argues that the scale of the damage was not explained by the exploit alone. It was explained by the architecture surrounding ETH staking: LSTs, LRTs, recursive leverage, and lending markets that turn the same underlying staking yield into multiple layers of collateral and credit. The result is a system that is highly capital-efficient in normal conditions, but also highly efficient at transmitting stress when one wrapper breaks.1 Day Ago
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